Obedience Essays - Neurosurgery, American Psychologists,

Obedience Psychologists, social scientists and writers have long been interested in the whys of obedience and disobedience; many experiments have been conducted to help in understanding these issues and the influences exerted by outside forces on individuals in their decision making processes. Unthinking obedience can be as dangerous as unthinking rebellion in any society, neither is done with self-reflection as a part of the process; however, care must be used in determining the appropriate time for thoughtful disobedience so that society is not destroyed by the dissention. In a short story by Shirley Jackson entitled The Lottery, reprinted in Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum (382), a fictional New England town is introduced in which all the villagers participate annually in a lottery used to determine which inhabitant is to be stoned to death; performed out of habit, it demonstrates ritualized, unthinking obedience to custom. After the publication of the story in 1948 by the New Yorker, many people objected to the perceived implication that the people of New England or America could be as blindly obedient as the characters in the story to any custom, good or bad. As Erich Fromm observed in Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem (377), disobedience is the first step towards independence and freedom. He noted that human history began in an act of disobedience, that of Adam and Eve`s original sin (378), which set man free to develop and grow. One of his main points is In order to disobey, one must have the courage to be alone, to err and to sin (380). Along with Fromm, Solomon Asch, noted psychologist, asserts in his article, Opinions and Social Pressure (336), that it is most likely the case that a solitary person facing a group espousing a different opinion from his own will go along with the group, even in the face of physical evidence showing the group opinion to be blatantly incorrect, rather than face the disapproval of the group. He noted that having one person disagree with the group frees others to disagree as well, and allows them to have a opinion differing from the individual`s as well as the group`s. Asch insists, Life in society requires consensus as an indispensable condition (342). Without consensus, society could never have come into being; compromise is essential to human relations, without it, anarchy reigns. Later, Stanley Milgram, The Perils of Obedience (343), conducted experiments in obedience on subjects who were exposed to authority figures demanding the injury of other people in the experiment who failed to correctly answer questions asked of them. The subjects answered the demands for mild injury with ready compliance, the demands for stronger measures with protest and compliance, and lethal injury in two ways: protest and refusal or protest and compliance. Most complied. Some subjects later tried to excuse their obedience and place to responsibility on the experimenter, but most admitted responsibility for their own behavior. The majority of the subjects committed unthinking obedience and would likely have killed the person they were instructed to injure had this been a test of intelligence and not one of obedience. From all four: Asch, Fromm, Jackson and Milgram, comes a repeated theme of unthinking obedience, of individuals decisions being controlled by outside influences. In Jacksons The Lottery, the social pressures are apparent in the seemingly innocent banter covering the nervousness of the villagers as they gather on the green to await the drawing of the lottery tickets. Fromms position would suggest that disobedience is necessary for the society of the village in The Lottery to progress and grow: unless and until they are able to break away from unthinking obedience to what he calls authoritarian conscience (379), the village will never be able to evolve into a better society. According to Aschs research, if even one person had been willing to face all the other villagers and point out where their society was going wrong, there might have been a chance that others would have broken out of the mold of unthinking obedience and the end result might have been different in The Lottery, different for the villagers as a group and different for Mrs. Hutchinson as an individual. Milgrams research supports Mrs. Hutchinsons being unable to break away from her unthinking obedience; even as the mob was preparing to stone her, she never said that the villagers were doing wrong, just that she hadnt had a fair chance. Thoughtful, timely disobedience is better than thoughtless obedience, as is demonstrated in all of the foregoing works. Compliance and obedience are necessary for any society to

A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essays

A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essays A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essay A Joint Stock Company Is A Company Founded By Legal Entities Accounting Essay Essay Limited Liability Company may hold up to 30 members ( natural individuals or legal entities ) . Minimum dinar equivalent of EURO 500 for the monetary portion of the initial capital ; there are no demands in regard of the minimal part of each member. The liability of members is up to the value of their investing. There are no demands for citizenship for the office carriers. In the comparing between local person vs. legal entity from abroad the lone difference is transcriber s cost which would to boot rush up the procedure. Necessary paperss are: Decision sing incorporation of the limited liability company in Serbia ; Statement from concern bank that monetary capital is paid ; Filed enrollment signifier ; Fees paid to the Agency for concern topics. Put up clip, when all paperwork is provided is between 5 to 10 concern yearss. Joint stock company ( a.d ) A joint stock company is a company founded by legal entities or persons. If 1 or more natural individuals or legal entities formed at the same time ( purchasing all portions through incorporation Internet Explorer closed joint stock company ) , 2 or more for companies formed in turn ( issue of a prospectus intended for 3rd parties unfastened articulation stock company ) . The maximal figure of stockholders in a closed articulation stock company is 100. Joint stock company holding more than 100 stockholders is deemed an unfastened articulation stock company Initial capital is divided into portions of specific value. Minimum dinar equivalent of EURO 10.000 for the monetary portion of the initial capital for companies formed at the same time and URO25.000 for the companies formed in turn. A minimal 50 % of both the founding capital and the equity of each stockholder must be paid before incorporation. Contribution of the members may be money, belongings or rights but non in labor or services. LLC compared to JSC In pattern, foreign investors normally prefer to integrate an LLC, due to its simple signifier and faster incorporation. The advantage is besides that addition in capital may be made without formal vote processs and without supervising of the Securities Exchange Commission. Corporate revenue enhancement Taxable income and revenue enhancement rate The nonexempt income is based on the accounting net income stated in the income statement established in conformity with IFRS and accounting ordinances and farther adjusted for revenue enhancement intents. The corporate income revenue enhancement is levied at the rate of 10 % . Withholding revenue enhancement Withholding revenue enhancement of 20 % is levied on the certain types of income paid to a non occupant entity by a resident taxpayer. Capable to keep backing revenue enhancement are the undermentioned types of income: Dividends and portion in net income Royalties Interests Capital additions Income from renting movable and immoveable belongings derived by non resident entity, good proprietor of the income Net incomes of sportswomans and instrumentalists The withholding revenue enhancement is non calculated and paid on the income paid to a lasting concern unit of a non occupant entity. The commissariats of the Double Taxation Treaty can be applied supplying that a non occupant provides grounds on his position of a occupant in the state signer of the Treaty and supplying the nonresident is a good proprietor of the income. Tax inducements The Law on Corporate Income Tax prescribes assorted revenue enhancement inducements for investings in fixed assets, in add-on to the revenue enhancement freedom for big investings, such as: revenue enhancement recognition for investing in fixed assets ( Art. 48 ) revenue enhancement recognition for investing in fixed assets for taxpayers in certain countries of industry ( Art. 48a ) Tax recognition for investing in fixed assets A taxpayer puting in the fixed assets is entitled to a revenue enhancement recognition of 20 % of the investing made in that twelvemonth. The revenue enhancement recognition is limited to 50 % of the assessed revenue enhancement in the twelvemonth of the investing. The unutilized part of revenue enhancement recognition may be carried over to the future accounting period up to 50 % of the assessed revenue enhancement, but non longer than 10 old ages. Note that merely the sum of assets paid is relevant for the intents of this revenue enhancement recognition. Assetss brought in as part in sort would non measure up for recognition. Any unutilized revenue enhancement recognition from the old twelvemonth ( s ) may be applied in the current twelvemonth one time that current twelvemonth s revenue enhancement recognition has been used. If assets, on the footing of which revenue enhancement recognition was derived, are disposed of, within three old ages from their acquisition day of the month, the sum of underpaid revenue enhancement must be repaid along with involvement at a rate equal to the retail monetary value growing rate. Tax recognition for investing in fixed assets for taxpayers in certain countries of industry Taxpayers registered for concern activities falling in specific countries of industry are entitled to the revenue enhancement recognition equivalent to 80 % of the value of investing. The recognition is non limited, i.e. it can be used in full, up to the sum of the assessed revenue enhancement. Unutilized part of revenue enhancement recognition may be carried over to the future accounting period of up to 10 old ages. The countries of industry to which this revenue enhancement inducement applies include agribusiness, fabric industry, basic metal industry, standard metal merchandises industry, machine industry, electrical/household contraptions industry, auto industry, recycling etc. Income revenue enhancement alleviation for big investings The jurisprudence prescribes a particular revenue enhancement alleviation for investings in surplus of 8 million EUR, capable to the fulfilment of the undermentioned conditions: Investing of over 800 million dinars ( approx. 8 million EUR ) in fixed assets, and Employment of 100 new employees for an indefinite period of clip The revenue enhancement alleviation is granted in proportion to the value of investing: the income revenue enhancement is reduced based on the ratio between the value of new assets and entire assets, including the freshly acquired assets. The revenue enhancement alleviation runs from the twelvemonth in which the first nonexempt income is generated, after the above conditions are fulfilled. New employees, for the intents of this inducement are non considered to be the persons once employed in the company, which is straight or indirectly related to the taxpayer. Fiscal inducements For standard-scale Greenfield and Brownfield undertakings in the fabrication and export-related services sectors, non-refundable province financess are offered in the scope between ˆ2,000 and ˆ5,000 per new occupation created. Value-added tax Since 1 January 2005, supply of goods and services on the district of Serbia is capable to VAT, at the standard rate of 18 % . Certain goods are capable to the decreased rate of 8 % . VAT is based on the rule that VAT paid on input can be used as tax write-off for the intents of computation of taxpayer s VAT liability. Output VAT is triggered by supply of goods and services or aggregation of payment, whichever event comes foremost. Taxpayer is entitled to the refund of the surplus of input VAT over end product VAT. The deadline for refund is 45 yearss from the deadline for the entry of the revenue enhancement return, except in the instance of predominant exporters where the deadline for VAT refund is 15 yearss from the deadline for registering the revenue enhancement return. Alternatively, taxpayer can utilize VAT recognition to cover his future VAT liability. Taxpayers with turnover over 4 million RSD are obliged to register for VAT. The nonexempt period is a month. The deadline for registering VAT return is by 10th of the month for the old month. Employment Serbia s labour force combines exceeding on the job efficiency with ample labour supply. With a alone combination of high-quality and low costs, it is one of the cardinal factors in making a strong concern public presentation. The labor relationship is established by an employment contract concluded between the employer and the employee. There are several types of employment contract: Permanent employment contract Impermanent employment contract ( for a preset period of clip ) Employment contract for a test period ( no longer so 6 months ) Employment contract based on particular footings for first-time employees Full clip employment is 40 hours in a hebdomad. Overtime can non last longer than 4 hours per twenty-four hours. Average wages in Serbia ( 350 cyberspace as per today ) are low plenty to guarantee cost-efficient operating. Entire costs for employers stand at simply 50 % of the degree in EU states from Eastern Europe. Social insurance charges ( 17.9 % per employer and employee ) and Salary Tax ( 12 % ) sum to approximately 65 % of the net wage but the revenue enhancement load for employers can be reduced through a assortment of fiscal and revenue enhancement inducements available. The expiration of employment could be achieved comparatively straightforward. Rent of equipment vs. part in sort With leasing equipment your subordinate in Serbia could non avoid payment of keep backing revenue enhancements on the royalties at the rate of 10 % . Besides, all revenue enhancement inducements mentioned in the chapter 2 of this papers, are possible merely with holding equipment as your ownership. Last but non the least there is possibility to avoid payment of imposts responsibilities in instance you are buying equipment outside of Serbia and importing it as part in sort. Miscelanius Please happen affiliated our monetary value list. Please note that for back uping you to make investing in Serbia we will supply you with 20 % price reduction on our services. Should you hold any farther inquiries, delight make non waver to reach us. Best respects Slobodan

3 causas para que te quiten la green card

3 causas para que te quiten la green card La green card, o tarjeta de residencia permanente, es un privilegio otorgado por la autoridades estadounidenses a extranjeros que cumplen con ciertos requisitos y que permite trabajar y residir en Estados Unidos. Pero la pueden quitar por 3 causas. Antes de comenzar a explicar cada una de esas 3 causas, es conveniente comenzar destacando que hay dos tipos de green card. En primer lugar, la condicional que se da en 2 casos: cuando se adquiere por inversià ³n a travà ©s de una EB-5 y en ciertos casos en los que se saca por matrimonio con un ciudadano (no en todos). Estas residencias condicionales se convierten en permanentes  a los dos aà ±os, despuà ©s de hacer ciertos trmites legales. Por otro lado, si no se levanta la condicionalidad, la green card deja de tener validez y tambià ©n se puede revocar si no se cumplen las condiciones para levantar dicha condicionalidad. Por ejemplo, que la inversià ³n no sea la adecuada o que el matrimonio hubiese acabado en divorcio. Y en segundo lugar, estn las tarjetas de residencia permanentes. Estas son, en principio, para toda la  vida. Excepto en casos muy concretos en los que el gobierno puede decidir que cancela o revoca o considera no vlida una tarjeta de residencia. Causas para perder la green card o tarjeta de residencia permanente La green card puede perderse cuando se da alguna de las siguientes 3 causas:   Fraude- Bajo esta categorà ­a entran acciones muy diversas, como por ejemplo, un matrimonio de conveniencia con el à ºnico propà ³sito de conseguir la green card. Pero hay ms: mentir en un formulario migratorio o, incluso, ocultar informacià ³n relevante en uno de los trmites. En el momento en que se descubre el fraude se puede invalidar la green card.Condena por ciertos delitos- Se trata de situaciones graves debià ©ndose prestar atencià ³n a los casos de condenas por los denominados delitos agravados. En caso de tener en contra una acusacià ³n por este tipo de delitos es fundamental contar con la defensa de un abogado criminalista con conocimiento en posibles efectos migratorios de una condena. En estos casos, despuà ©s de cumplir con la condena, el migrante se enfrenta muy seriamente a la posibilidad de quedarse sin la green card y ser deportado.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Abandono- Esto sucede cuando el inmigrante no cumple con su obligacià ³n de residir habitualmente en los Estados Unidos. Por ello, hay que ser prudentes con los tiempos que se pasan en otros paà ­ses, particularmente si se trata de ms de 180 dà ­as y menos de 1 aà ±os. Y tambià ©n saber que puede resultar muy conflictivo el hecho de entrar a trabajar a diario a Estados Unidos pero vivir en Mà ©xico o en Canad. En los puentes internacionales con Mà ©xico se ha dado casos de migrantes legales a los que se ha alentado para que renunciaran voluntariamente a la green card, cosa que si quieren no estn obligados a hacer (ver ms al final de este apartado). Adems, en los casos de estancia fuera de Estados Unidos por ms de 1 aà ±o pero menos de dos se necesitar un permiso de reentrada.   Si es ms de 2 aà ±os la duracià ³n de la estancia en otro paà ­s, no hay problemas si se trata del cà ³nyuge o hijos menores y solteros de personal civil o militar o similares de los Estados Unidos y que est estacionado en el extranjero. En los dems casos a veces se puede solicitar una visa SB-1 como residente que quiere retornar pero que sà ³lo se concede si se cumplen requisitos muy estrictos. El formulario a llenar es el formulario que se conoce como DS-117. En los dems casos de pà ©rdida de la tarjeta de residencia por abandono sà ³lo es posible recuperarla iniciando de nuevo todo el proceso y esperando mientras tanto fuera de los Estados Unidos.   Es muy importante que si se llega a un punto migratorio de ingreso a Estados Unidos y el oficial asegura que se ha producido un abandono de la residencia que el residente permanente se niegue a firmar el documento que se conoce como I-407 Abandonment of LPR Status. Si lo hace, pierde la consideracià ³n de residente. Por el contrario debe solicitar ver a un juez migratorio y se le debe entregar una Notice of Appear para presentarse en Corte. Sà ³lo asà ­ se le puede quitar la tarjeta de residencia despuà ©s de que el juez encuentre de forma clara e inequà ­voca y basndose en evidencia de que verdaderamente se ha abandonado el estatus de residente. En otras palabras, no firmar el I-407 en ningà ºn punto de control migratorio y pedir ir a Corte. Otros requisitos de los residentes permanentes La tarjeta de la green card es vlida por diez aà ±os. Debe renovarse antes de que expire. Asimismo, si se pierde o se mutila debe aplicarse por una nueva y notificar su extravà ­o, robo o destruccià ³n a las autoridades migratorias. La à ºnica excepcià ³n es cuando se solicita y obtiene la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Una vez que se es ciudadano ya no hay que renovar nada. Los tiempos de espera para solicitarla depende de cà ³mo se haya obtenido la residencia. Finalmente, los residentes permanentes tienen otras obligaciones, como pagar impuestos o notificar los cambios de domicilio. Consejos para conservar la green card Por ley, todos los residentes legales permanentes mayores de 18 aà ±os deben llevar consigo en todo momento prueba de su estatus migratorio. El no cumplimiento de este requisito puede dar lugar a una condena por faltas. La aplicacià ³n de esta ley varà ­a muchà ­simo de estado a estado. Para aprender ms sobre la green card, los derechos que da y las obligaciones que impone es aconsejable tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Da respuesta a las inquietudes ms frecuentes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Combustion process, whether used for electricity generation or in Essay

Combustion process, whether used for electricity generation or in engines for transport, produce airborne emissions of environmental concern - Essay Example Acid rain is due to the presence in the atmosphere of SO2 and NOx which, after a series of reactions, are deposited as nitric and sulphuric acid in the form of rain. Particulate matter is known to cause serious respiratory diseases. Carbon sequestration is a method that allows the reduction of CO2 by capturing it at its source (e.g. a power plant) and storing it in non-atmospheric reservoirs such as geologic or oceanic reservoirs (Herzog). The Sleipner project is a working example of carbon sequestration technology. Off the coast of Norway in the North Sea, it is in fact the world's first commercial CO2 capture and storage project collecting about one million metric tons of CO2 each year since it was opened in 1996 (Sleipner CO2 project). The term "scrubber" is used to refer to a group of air pollution control devices that aid the removal of fine particles and/or gases (especially acid gases) from industrial exhaust streams. Scrubbers work by either physically removing substances from the exhaust gas stream or by chemically neutralising them so that they cannot do any harm once released into the environment. Wet scrubbing is used to clean gases from pollutants and particulates by putting in contact the exhaust gas stream with the scrubbing solution. The scrubbing solution can simply be water for the removal of dust or a chemical solution which contains reagents that can specifically target certain compounds. Removal efficiency of pollutants is improved by increasing residence time in the scrubber or by the increase of surface area of the scrubber solution. 2.2. Dry scrubbing Dry scrubbing is generally used to remove acid gases, such as SO2, primarily from combustion sources. All dry scrubbing systems consist of two main devices: 1) a device to introduce a solid sorbent material into the gas stream; and 2) a particulate control device to remove reaction products, excess sorbent material, any particulate matter already in the flue gas. 2.3. Seawater scrubbing The natural buffering capacity of seawater can be taken advantage of by using it as a sorbent in a scrubbing system. When SO2 comes into contact with seawater a reaction takes place between the SO2 and the CaCO3 present in the seawater, producing CaSO4 and CO2. This reaction is complete in a very short time, so the equipment required for seawater scrubbing can be compact. 3. NOx 3.1. Primary measures Primary measures can be applied pre-combustion. In Bowin low NOx technology, air and

The Concept of Managing Organizations Strategically Research Paper

The Concept of Managing Organizations Strategically - Research Paper Example Strategic management is a stream of decisions and actions, which lead to the development of an effective strategy or strategies to help achieve corporate objectives. Strategic management is concerned with deciding on the strategy and how the strategy is to be put into effect. Strategic management allows an enterprise or an organization to base its decision on long-range forecasts. It also allows the firms to take action at an early stage of a new trend and consider the lead-time for effective management. A sound strategic management process helps to ensure that all organizational parts are working towards the same objective and purpose. Strategic management will never be a cure-all especially for incompetent management; it can go a long way in improving an organization's long-term performance. Now looking at the importance of strategic management and its relevance in the present circumstances, the subject strategic management itself is in the midst of an evolutionary process. In the course of its development, several strands of thinking are emerging which are gradually leading to a convergence of views. We now have a wealth of insights into the complexities of strategic behaviour- the observable characteristics of the manner in which an organization performs decision-making and planning functions with regard to the issues that are of strategic importance to its survival, growth and profitability. Several persons, among whom are the doyens in the field of strategy, have contributed to the formulation of these perspectives.

Edward de Vere is the Real Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Edward de Vere is the Real Shakespeare Essay Edward de Vere was an Earl of Oxford. There is an ongoing debate whether William Shakespeare’s plays were his or these were the creations of Edward de Vere. This debate continues because literary scholars and historians reject this theory but was supported by theater practitioners and researchers. De Vere, also known as Oxford, was called a playwright and poet but his works did not survive. Some of his poetry was anonymously published in â€Å"Arte of English Poesie† in 1589. This was confirmed by the author George Puttenham. Very many noble gentlemen in the Court that have written commendably and suppressed it again, or else suffered it to be published without their own names to it, as it were a discredit for a gentleman, to seem learned, and to show himself amorous of any good art. † (Nelson, 165) Oxford as a dramatist is given proof through the testimony of Francis Meres in â€Å"Palladis Tamia. † He describes his works as â€Å"the best for comedy. † (Whalen, 361). Nonetheless, few of Oxford’s poems and songs are credited to his own name. The dates of these works are uncertain. Most of which are signed â€Å"Earle of Oxenforde† or â€Å"E. O. † When he was alive, Oxford was always in the company of English poets. In 1920, J Thomas Looney presented facts that Oxford was the real author of Shakespeare’s plays. The facts he presented were: a. ) Oxford’s advanced education and first-hand knowledge of an aristocrat’s life b. ) the law c. ) the military c. ) theater background d. ) high praise of Oxford’s works by his peers and e. ) the countless similarities between Oxford’s life and the setting of the plays. Looney’s hypothesis was that Oxford published his works under a pseudonym since it was disgraceful for an aristocrat like him to be writing plays for public theater. (Nelson, 158). This claim was confirmed by Renaissance scholars. Members of the Tudor aristocracy were recognized as reputable poets but none of them published their works. None of Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Fulke Greville, Sir Edward Dyer and Sir Philip Sidney published their creations despite their recognition in the aristocratic society. (Whalen, 248). Through the ideas presented by Looney, other writers became notable Oxfordians. Sigmund Freud, Mark Twain, columnist Joseph Sobran, biographer and historian David McCullough and actors Orson Welles, Sir Derek Jacobi, Sir John Gielgud and Jeremy Irons all believe that it was Oxford who wrote these plays. (Lindquist, 23) However, there are gaps on Looney’s theory. One is the evidentiary gap such as Oxford’s death in 1604. If he were in fact the real author of Shakespeare’s plays, the he wouldn’t have witnessed the wreck of the Sea Venture in Bermuda and the Gunpowder Plot† which were said to be the allusions to Shakespeare’s dramas â€Å"The Tempest† and â€Å"Macbeth. Then there are writers like Leonard Digges and Ben Jonson who provide concrete evidence that Shakespeare is a reputed poet. (Lindquist, 24) Oxfordians provide proof through the use of modern research that Shakespeare no longer published his plays after 1604. Also, Oxfordian biographers Mark Anderson and William Farina showed research which indicate that the publication of Shakespeare’s plays actually ended in 1604. (Simpson, 34) Aside from Oxford, there are other candidates who are considered to have been the real author of Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets. These are Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon and the Earl of Derby. These theories were rejected by academic establishments. Through the ideas and hypothesis of Looney and the Oxfordians, Oxford as the real author of Shakespeare’s works still stands true. (Nelson, 102) A crucial reasoning of why Oxford is the actual author of Shakespeare’s works come in the political topography of â€Å"Hamlet. † (Propson, 13) The Denmark in the play is identical with the biography Oxford has been accustomed in. The play is an imaginative presentation of what Oxford would have done, based on his other works that were published under a pseudonym. Oxfordians continue to present other arguments with such depth and accurate research to back up their hypothesis and their theories. Oxford mastered the understanding and experience that is evident in Shakespeare’s plays. Oxford’s poems also have the same flow as those of Shakespeare’s. He explored and developed the stanzaic and metric forms when writing poetry, just like Shakespeare and his sonnets. (Propson, 15) And just like any aristocrat, he was status-conscious and he needed recognition for his success. He was determined to have his way and would have made it sure to have received credit for his plays or his poetry. So why then would he have allowed this to happen if he actually wrote the plays? Scholars who studied Oxford as a man and the possible Shakespeare describe him as â€Å"a puzzle to his generation. † Oxford was eccentric and creative and he showed varying moods, subtle movements and fierce passions. His words as seen in his poetry are inexplicable and extraordinary. The knowledge and insight of these works cannot be discussed easily, as confirmed by Looney. â€Å"The poetic genius has more or less always been a man apart. † (Whalen, 183) However, those who believe that Shakespeare was the real author of his works scrutinized Oxford’s works as lacking the depth and the conscious knowledge that Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets are known for. (Lindquist, 28). His poetry did not have the level of knowledge or the comprehension of philosophies and advance consciousness of the characters as evident in Shakespeare’s plays. But these facts do not stop Oxfordians from seeing De Vere as the candidate for Shakespeare’s actual authorship. They strongly believe that his capability as a dramatist and poet â€Å"conforms to the mind and capacity and character of Shakespeare. (Simpson, 23) Oxford was generous and often funded patronage to projects that benefited literacy, religion, medicine, philosophy, science and music. Not only was he a poet and playwright, he was also a patron. This proves that Oxford made sure he was recognized. Another question mark is that ten other Shakespearean plays were published after 1604, which was the year Oxford died. (Lindquist) The strongest claim that Oxford is in fact the real Shakespeare is the cumulative parallels of the earl’s life to the works and the specificity of his personal references and concerns as seen in the plays and the poems. Oxford was a pure-bred aristocrat and he has been educated along with other noble families. He had profound literary tastes and through this, has become a lyrical poet. He was a traveler and is quite fashionable. He loved music. This is set alongside the fact that Shakespeare was illiterate. Oxfordians say that Shakespeare would have had a hard time writing his own signature, what more composing plays and sonnets. They also reasoned that in Shakespeare’s will, he never mentioned anything about his plays. The same can be said to Oxford. If he in fact wrote the plays, then why did he not state this in his will? The date and the circumstances of Oxford is the dispute among scholars. The historical records and his way of life are concrete proof that he is aware of the aristocrat’s way of life, compared to Shakespeare, who did not lead a life of luxury. Oxford’s uncle, The Earl of Surrey, originated the sonnet form today which has been used in Shakespeare’s sonnets. (Propson, 46). The question on who wrote this becomes more and more difficult to answer because of this. Oxford received his BA from Cambridge University and his masters from Oxford University. He was also sent to study law at Gray’s Inn. This only comes to show that he is absolutely knowledgeable of the topics that have been discussed in Shakespeare’s 37 plays. Like most of the characters in Shakespeare’s plays, Oxford was not domesticated by marriage. He was famous for getting in trouble which initiated the wrath of his father-in-law. As a young man, Oxford accidentally killed another man. A lot of Shakespeare’s plays show one character killing another. Historical records show that Oxford and his companions traveled on the road from Gravesend to Rochester. This is similar to â€Å"Henry the Fourth, Part One. † For some reason, the account in the play also provides the full detail of the assault that is similar to Oxford and his men. Once Oxfordians dug this information up, they used it as another important bullet point in their hypothesis. Oxford was also notorious for his martial prowess. He excelled in sports. He was also good with words. He knew how to provide a vast content of narrative using vocabulary, metaphor and imagery. This is evident in Shakespeare’s plays. Another factor that adds up to the confirmation of the Oxfordian’s claim is that Oxford conceived theatrical entertainment for the Queen of Whitehall. He was given a lease to the Blackfriars Theater. He was the patron of other writers and he was known by members of various acting companies. He was one of the first recipients of the literary dedications written by writers Edmund Spenser and John Lyly. He was regarded to be one of England’s most excellent writers. To give more proof on the thesis statement of this paper is the fact that Oxford traveled extensively. He visited France and Italy. Sicily provided the backdrop for Shakespeare’s plays set in Italy. Oxford had a home in Venice. His ship was once attacked by pirates during one voyage. Again, this is another scene from one of Shakespeare’s plays – â€Å"Twelfth Night. † Another historical account of Oxford as Shakespeare is when his brother-in-law Peregrin Bertrie reports upon his return that while having a banquet at Elsinore, â€Å"a whole volley of all the great shot of the castle discharged. † This very account is the line of Shakespeare’s Cluadius in â€Å"Hamlet. † (Propson, 42) However, there are still gaps, especially toward the later years of his life. In 1958, there had been anonymous publications and performances of Shakespearean plays like Titus Andronicus, Richard the second and Romeo and Juliet. That time, the first quarto bore the name William Shakespeare as the author. That very year, Francis Meres published his works â€Å"Palladis Tamia† and credits â€Å"Shakespeare. † At the same time, he identifies the playwright Edward de Vere as â€Å"the best for comedy amongst us. † The 1604 problem will always prevent Oxfordian scholars to completely conclude that Oxford is the real Shakespeare but that does not stop them from presenting concrete facts in what they believe in. They reach a point wherein they count the number of plays Shakespeare release in a year. They wondered about the inconsistency. They say that in 1593 to 1603, Shakespeare published two plays in a year. Then he stopped writing in 1604 and started publishing five years later. (Propson, 45) Other Oxfordian claims is the fact that Shakespeare was not mourned for in his death. Upon Mark Twain’s observation, â€Å"When Shakespeare died in Stratford, it was not an event. It made no stir in England than the death of any other forgotten theater-actor would have made. Nobody came down from London; there were no lamenting poems, no eulogies, no national tears – there was merely silence, and nothing more. A striking contrast with what happened when Ben Jonson, and Francis Bacon, and Spencer, and Raleigh and the other literary folk of Shakespeare’s time passed from life! No praiseful voice was lifted for the lost Bard of Avon. † (Simpson, 138) Until now, the Oxfordian theory is popular amongst writers, scholars, researchers and actors. The debate between the Oxfordians and the Stratfordians (those who believe that Shakespeare is the real author of his works) continue.

How will an awareness of psychoanalytic theory impact on your work in a

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalysis presumes that a good understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. It places a huge emphasis on the unconscious and how the unconscious is the precursor to human development. The level of awareness that I possess of psychoanalytic theory would impact my performance in the classroom only if I act on my understanding in a proactive manner. I believe it was Socrates who said that a teacher is one who not only has an understanding of subject, but is one who has the ability to teach it. And an elementary school teacher has a special responsibility in not only the intellectual, but the social development of his student. Using psychoanalysis is beneficial in seeing symbolic... How will an awareness of psychoanalytic theory impact on your work in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalysis presumes that a good understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. It places a huge emphasis on the unconscious and how the unconscious is the precursor to human development. The level of awareness that I possess of psychoanalytic theory would impact my performance in the classroom only if I act on my understanding in a proactive manner. I believe it was Socrates who said that a teacher is one who not only has an understanding of subject, but is one who has the ability to teach it. And an elementary school teacher has a special responsibility in not only the intellectual, but the social development of his student. Using psychoanalysis is beneficial in seeing symbolic...

Are the five precepts realistic principles for a Buddhist to live by today? Essay

I personally think that the five precepts are realistic enough because they are quite similar to the things that a Muslim may or may not do. The reason I say this is because I am a Muslim and some of these precepts are the same for me to follow in everyday life. For example, precept 2: ‘I undertake to abstain from taking what is not freely given’ In other words, it means No stealing or any form of exploitation or taking advantage of someone. This should not be hard to follow because, first of all; this is against the law and I doubt it that any other religion would allow stealing. All of the precepts are really what I, as a Muslim is not allowed to do, except the first one (‘to abstain from harming living beings’). The reason I have brought myself into this is because as I said before, I do most of these and I don’t find any of them hard to follow so why should a Buddhist? The obvious answer to the title would definitely be yes, because they are the same as what people with other faiths must not do. Precept 1 is a very simple precept and must be easy to follow, since there are millions of other vegetarians from other faiths in our world and they find it easy and realistic enough. I think that it is easy to survive by being a vegetarian, because there are a lot of other foods to eat except meat etc. Precept number 2 is also realistic because you will never be allowed to steal unless you want to, and if you are not interested to steal, then you won’t; so this one is also realistic enough as well. I would think that Precept 3 would be slightly harder to follow and less realistic because of what everyone else is doing at this moment. In the U.K and in most other countries se outside marriage is a very common thing and this might draw you in. I am not saying that you should, but some people would have sex for fun and this precept may also be interpreted as avoiding any over-indulgence, such as gluttony such as sex for fun which in this world would be hard not to have. Precept 4 is also not as realistic as 2 & 3 because these days talking behind people’s backs and lying is such a common thing that even if you don’t want to lie you will be forced into it. Precept 5 is also not realistic because everyone really has a bit of a drink and even some Buddhist do, so this is not a very strong precept; but still it wouldn’t be hard to follow. Also what would be the point of following this when some Buddhist’s drink moderately or not moderately? They still drink! Basically I think that this is the most random precept and there is no point to follow but all the other precepts should be realistic enough.

Cyrano de Bergerac Essay

The centre of universe of the supremely captivating play â€Å"Cyrano de Bergerac† by Edmond Rostand is the beautiful Roxane. She is loved and admired by several powerful characters of the time and she has a long list of suitors who want to win her over. She is apparently oblivious to the affections of several of her suitors but at the same time is worldly wise enough to keep unwarranted advances of several characters at bay with typical feminine instinct and cunning. She is loved by the heroic of Cyrano but he rules himself unworthy of her as his appearance is hindered by an acutely large nose which lends an air of ugliness to him. She is also the object of affection of Christian who is handsome as handsome comes but not gifted with any of Cyrano’s strength of character or talents in arts. At heart, though he is one of the best human beings but not strong willed enough to do anything to advance anything he thinks is right. He is helped by Cyrano in creating an image of a poetic, obsessive lover gifted with the deliquescence of a connoisseur. Roxane falls for this image and several intriguing instances lead her into marrying Christian in a haste, shortly after which he is sent to the battle field by another of her scornful lover De Guiche, who is also the commander of the French army and a powerful man of the time. Roxane, the romantic that she is insists on Christian writing her regularly form the war front and Cyrano risks his life to keep the promise. At the war front when Christian slowly understands the strength of Cyrano’s feelings for Roxane and also gets a whiff of the suspicion that Roxane has fallen in love not with him for his beauty but the poetic, gentle and heroic image created by him, which is much closer to Cyrano in real life, he wants to unit the two lovers. But as fate would have it, Roxane comes into the battlefield, enamored with the image of her ardent lover and a series of unfortunate incidents lead to Christian’s death and Cyrano’s decision that he will never be able to reveal his love or his true identity in Roxane-Christian love affair. The last act deals with Roxane learning the identity of her true love just before Cyrano dies after reading her last letter to her(which is in her possession as the last letter of Christiano) In the beginning of the play, Roxane comes across as a regular beauty with some wit but an exceedingly kind heart and a large appetite for heroic morality. She manages well to thwart and deflect the attention of several of her suitors. She never lacks in friends, servants, attendants or admirers who would do her a favour or help her in any situation. As is usual with most girls of her age, she is enamoured with the glamour of youth and wants to be loved by the best looker – Christiano. His looks prompts her to be ready for his advances. In fact, she arranges and accepts for a meeting where Christiano is given an opportunity to speak out his mind about love. But the initial hints of artistic tenderness and a craving for something more than mere physical beauty is evident when she gets upset with Christiano when he fails to articulate his feelings for her. The moving expression of love for her by Cyrano in the darkness from below her balcony stirs her dormant feelings of intimacy and she offers to kiss him. There is a faint glimpse into her soul in these contrasting instances where mere handsomeness of Christiano fails to excite her but an artistic evoking of love and its description makes her desperate to kiss her lover. In the initial stages of the play, this is purposely described as though she is a victim of the usual feminine vanity of falling for excessive praise. But this craving for something more than utterly physical comes out strongly when she is moved into risking her life to visit her (now) husband Christiano at the battlefront. For the first time, she gives expression to her belief that she is in love with the soul of Christiano and not his physical persona. The play is at a crucial juncture where some revelations can happen but the tight dramatization of Rostand makes it impossible neither for her to know the truth nor for Cyrano to reveal his love and his true identity as the creator of the soul that she is so deeply in love with.

Which important sections of th essays

Which important sections of th essays On becoming Prime Minister in 1868 Gladstone had a mission to pacify Ireland. This was going to be partly responsible for the loss of power after one term when the Liberal Party had been at its electoral victory at its highest level of popularity and more united than it was to ever be again in the nineteenth century. It was called by Ensor the greatest ministry of Victorias reign however this was more to do with its speed and the issues taken on in its early years than the outstanding ability of its ministers as a whole. The government was very much a mixed ministry with Whigs, Radicals and Peelites however the Whigs dominated. The new middle class ministers were in control of the departments with the greatest legislative responsibilities. Gladstone who approved of what was done left the details of the bills to his ministers whilst he was engaged in the pacification of Ireland, which he thought would be achieved by reforms of land, religion and education. A major cause of upset among Liberal supporters was Forsters 1870 Education Act as it failed to provide the system of free, national and secular education that the Nonconformists were committed. The nonconformists were a key pillar of support, within the Liberal coalition, so they were not happy when the act seemed to favour Anglicans as it increased their state grant and to obtain some measure of rate aid as well. The non-conformists have their own pressure group called the National Education League founded in 1869 by Joseph Chamberlain and a group of radicals. Their contempt for the 1870 Act led the League to become more political and more extreme. Chamberlain wrote the great principal of Religious equality must be accepted as part of the Programme of any Party which seeks our support and alliance. The Nonconformist Revolt long threatened has begun. Religious disunity was rife wit...

Abiotic And Biotic Characteristics Environmental Sciences Essay

Abiotic And Biotic Characteristics Environmental Sciences Essay San Francisco Bay has maintained a magnificent body of water and use to sustain the economy of Western United States and San Francisco Estuary in Bay in is of great importance because through this a large number of water draining becomes possible. It’s Estuary from where fresh water meets to sea water. There are many pollutants that we face in our daily life e.g. dirt, sediments, oil, grease, fertilizes pesticides chemicals etc. the water running from the land carrying these pollutants to underground and ultimately this reach to the Estuary of san Francisco. These pollutants when reach in river and sea water can pollute the whole water and prove harmful for aquatic life as it can be cause harm for wetland creatures like fish, and can prove very dangerous for other habitats of water. It can destroy the aquatic system and can be major threats for the living organism living under water. As San Francisco Estuary considered as a very important region and has much economic importan ce so for prevention of pollution and keep safe this region from other different factors restoration and conservation is used. Abiotic and biotic characteristics of the San Francisco Estuary Many of environmental factors affect the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the San Francisco Estuary these include both abiotic and biotic characteristics. These factors effects the life in Estuary in great extends. Non-living factors are called abiotic factors which include concentration of oxygen and nutrients, salinity of water and amount of sunshine. As these factors have the major impact on the life in estuary. All living factors that affect the estuary are called biotic factors. That includes producers’ consumers and predators as producers are of basic importance for consumers. Consumers rely on producers and predators rely on consumers. So these are depend on one another to maintain the balance of estuary, Population growth in the San Francisco Bay area affected the estuary Inc reasing trend of population in San Francisco Bay area affected the estuary as increasing trend of population cause a rush in urban as well as on village areas. More the people are using the recourses more the waste is creating and much use of water and water waste from its use create pollution as much of the polluted water is drained through the underground ways to Estuary that is a great threat for the marine life. More over in recent years 40,000 metric tons of pollutants enter the Bay annually from agriculture and urban runoff. Rivers, atmospheric fallout, municipal sewage treatment plants, industrial facilities, natural and artificial erosion, illegal clearance, dredging and dredged material disposal, marine vessel discharges, accidental spills, and landfill seepage are also causing problems as well. (1) Habitat fracture in the San Francisco Estuary been increased by human behavior Estuaries is of great importance for us as these are used for food, trade and for shelter and in t his case Sans Francisco Bay has great importance as it is used as harbor for many ships of this regions. There are large number of plants and animals found in Estuaries and the most of population of San Francisco Bay depend on these marine lives for their food. But due to the pollution spreading by increase in population cause harm to these plants and animals. This pollution can cause damage to the lives of these plants and animals found in estuaries.

Zero pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Zero pollution - Research Paper Example In this technological world, there are many techniques that can be used to prevent pollutants from getting into the atmosphere (Nemerow, 1995). However, the big question remains whether this hi-tech technology can be used to ensure that there is zero pollution in the world. This paper sets out to determine how different industries prevent environmental pollution. I will also discuss the feasibility of zero pollution concepts in this paper. The question of whether the world can exist with a state of zero pollution is one that has elicited a lot of reaction from different quarters. Many people might say that the level of pollution has risen to unmanageable levels which implies that such a state is only imaginary. It is known, for example, that the United States of America is the world’s largest energy consumer, most of its energy being derived from sources that are considered to be dirty. Some of these sources include natural gas, coal, oil, and nuclear energy, all of which lead to environmental pollution in one way or another. A significant portion of the energy used worldwide ends up being wasted through leaky windows, inefficient equipment or in one way or another. This wasted energy may also contribute to the pollution of the global environment. Other people have, against all odds, noted that zero pollution is achievable albeit at a significant cost and with considerable effort. Different pollutants of the environments can pollute the air, soil or water. The industrial sector is one of the most notorious polluters of the environment. Most manufacturing, mining and utility industries normally emit toxic substances which end up choking the environment as noted by McKinney, Schoch and Yonavjak (2007). Pollution from different industries has led to global warming, which has in turn had a huge impact on climate change. However, different countries and organizations have been at the forefront