Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux

Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux device drivers Virtualization is a system or rather a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources. This consists of making a single physical resource (like a storage device, a server, an application, or an operating system) appear to operate as multiple logical resources. It can also comprise making multiple physical resources (like storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource. It can also take in making one physical resource to appear, with fairly diverse characteristics, as one logical resource. It is the universal theme of all virtualization technologies to hide the technical detail by means of encapsulation. An external interface that hides an underlying implementation (for example, by simplifying a control system, by combining resources at different physical locations, or by multiplexing access) is created by virtualization. Owing to the recent development of new virtualization platforms and technologies, attention has been refocused on virtualization. It is a confirmed software technology. Through this technology, the IT landscape is speedily transforming and the manner of computing is also fundamentally changing. (VMWare 2008) The technology of virtualization can benefit any person who uses a computer, from the IT professionals and Mac enthusiasts to commercial businesses and government organizations. It saves time, effort and money while it also achieves more with the computer hardware already owned by the users. (VMWare 2008)Virtualization is used in various diverse contexts; they can be grouped into two major types: Platform virtualization involves the simulation of whole computers; and resource virtualization involves the simulation of combined, fragmented, or simplified resources. Certainly, it is also an important concept in non-computer contexts. A virtualized interface is employed to a complex device by many control systems; therefore gas pedal of a modern car does much more than simply increasing the flow of fuel to the engine. The returns on investment in any business can be improved with the use of Virtualization. It effectively lets one computer to do the job of multiple computers, through sharing the resources of a single computer across multiple or several environments. Virtual servers and virtual desktops allow hosting multiple operating systems and multiple applications locally as well as in distant and inaccessible locations. It gives freedom from physical and geographical limitations. Better desktop management, improved disaster recovery processes, increased security, and high availability of resources are the other benefits that one gets from building a virtual infrastructure apart from the basic advantages that are savings in energy and lower capital expenses because of more efficient use of the hardware resources. There are some benefits of virtualization, which are as follows: Through virtual machines, the workloads of several under-utilized servers can be consolidated to a smaller number of machines, possibly a single machine. This results in benefits of savings on hardware, environmental costs, management, and administration of the server infrastructure. They also serve the purpose of running the legacy applications. A legacy application just might not operate on newer hardware or operating systems. And if it runs on it, there may be under-utilization of the server; therefore consolidation of several applications is useful. This is not easy to do without virtualization; applications are usually not written to co-exist within a single execution environment. Virtual machines offer safe and isolated sandboxes for running applications that can not be trusted upon. Such an execution environment can also be created dynamically on the fly as something is downloaded from the Internet. Virtualization plays an important role in building secure computing platforms. They can be used to create operating systems or execution environments with resource limits. Generally, partitioning goes together with quality of service in design of QoS-enabled operating systems. The illusion of hardware or hardware configuration (including the multiple processors and SCSI devices) is provided by the virtual machines. It simulates networks of independent computers. They can run multiple operating systems at the same time, which are of entirely different nature. Some such systems may be hard or impossible to run on newer real hardware. They allow powerful debugging and performance monitoring. Debugging of operating systems can be done without losing productivity, or creating more complicated debugging scenarios. Whatever is run by the virtual machines, can also be isolated by them. So, they provide fault and error containment. Faults can be injected proactively into software in order to study its consequent behavior. Application and system mobility is helped by the virtual machines, since they make migration of software easier. They are excellent tools for research and academic experiments. It is safer to work with them because they provide isolation. They sum up the complete state of a running system: the state can be saved, examined, modified, and reloaded. The existing operating systems can run on shared memory multiprocessors. They can create arbitrary test scenarios and can result in some very imaginative, effective quality assurance. Virtualization can retrofit new features in the existing operating systems without too much work. Several tasks including the system migration, backup, and recovery can be made easier and more manageable. It is an effective means of providing binary compatibility. In co-located hosting, virtualization on commodity hardware is extremely popular. Such hosting is economical, secure, and appealing on the whole. In core, it can be said that virtualization helps to convert hardware into software. The software like VMware and ESX helps to transform the resources of an x86-based computer hardware that includes the CPU, RAM, network controller and hard disk. In order to create a virtual machine, this is fully functional and capable of running its own applications and operating system similar to a real computer. Multiple virtual machines are known for sharing the resources of hardware without having any interference among each other. This helps to safely run the various operating systems and applications on a single computer. VMWare The VMware Approach to Virtualization: This approach inserts a fine layer of software directly on the hardware of computer or might be on a host operating system. This layer of software is capable of creating machines that are virtual and contain a monitor of virtual machine. This allocates hardware resources energetically and transparently. This helps the multiple operating systems to run on a single physical computer concurrently. (VMWare 2008) Virtualizing a single physical computer marks the beginning. A robust virtualization platform is provided by the VMware. This helps to scale the hundreds of interlinked physical computers and storage devices that can form complete virtual infrastructure. VMware, Inc. is a publicly-listed company on the New York Stock Exchange. It designs and develops proprietary virtualization software products for x86-compatible computers, counting commercially-available as well as freeware versions. The desktop software of VMWare runs atop Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. The enterprise level software and the ESX Server of VMWare run directly on the server hardware without the need of an extra core operating system. The name VMware comes from the abbreviation VM, which means virtual machine and ware comes from second part of Software. Achieving the Benefits of Virtualization: VMware’s proven technology is the basis of free VMware Server. With the help of this software, which is robust yet easy to use, many things can be done. Developers can create multiple environments by means of different operating systems on the same server so as to restructure software development and testing. New applications, IT testing of patches and operating systems can be simplified by permitting system administrator to test in secure virtual machines and by leveraging snapshots to be able to roll back to a clean state. Server positioning can be simplified by once building a virtual machine and then developing it multiple times. In ready-to-run virtual machines, software can be evaluated without installation and configuration. Legacy operating systems such as Windows NT Server 4.0 and Window 2000 Server can be re-hosted in a virtual machine running on new hardware and operating system. Pre-built, ready-to-run virtual appliances can be leveraged, which include virtual hardware, operating system and application environment. On Virtual Appliance Marketplace, virtual appliances for web, file, print, proxy, email and other infrastructure services are available for download. Free operating systems have several advantages as characterized by Linux. One of which is that their internals are open for all to view. Anybody, who has requisite skills, can readily examine, understand and modify the operating system, which is once considered as a dark and mysterious area whose code was restricted to a small number of programmers. Operating systems can be democratized with the help of Linux. The Linux kernel is a large and complex body of code, which is not possible to be hacked. Kernel hackers would need an entry point where they can approach the code without being disturbed by the complexity of its codes. Frequently, the gateway is provided by device drivers (Corbet, Rubini Kroah-Hartman 2005). In Linux kernel, device drivers play an important role. These device drivers are a different kind of black boxes that make a particular hardware piece respond to a well-defined internal programming interface. Also, they completely hide the details regarding the working of the device. With the help of a set of standardized calls that are independent of the specific driver, various user activities are performed. The role of device driver is to map those calls to device-specific operations that act on real hardware. The writing of Linux device drivers is interesting because of number of reasons. In order to gain access to a particular device that is of their interest, individuals need to know about the drivers. By making a Linux driver available for the products, hardware vendors can add large and growing Linux user base to their potential market (Corbet, Rubini Kroah-Hartman 2005). It is necessary to reliably run the Linux kernel without considering whether a new hardware is added or removed from the system. Due to this, an additional burden is placed on the device driver author. For USB drivers, when the device with which a USB driver is bound with, is removed from the system, the pending urbs that were submitted to the device begin to fail with the error – ENODEV. The driver is required to identify the error and properly clean up any pending I/O if it occurs. The hot pluggable devices are not only limited to the traditional devices like the mice and keyboards. Now, number of systems supports the removal and addition of the complete CPU’s and memory sticks. The Linux kernel properly handles the addition and removal of such core system devices so that there is no need for the individual device drivers to pay attention to these things. References VMWare 2008, Retrieved April 17, 2008 from www.vmware.com Mullins, R 2007, VMware the bright spot on a gray Wall Street day, IDG News Service. Corbet, J, Rubini, A Kroah-Hartman, G 2005, Linux Device Drivers. 3rd Edition, OReilly Media.

College Students Cheating on Exams Essay

In today’s age when you look at the word â€Å"Cheating†, you may find many different definitions or meanings. Whether you cheat at work; known as fraud, cheat at home; known as dishonesty, or at school, this act of conduct can lead to many consequences made by ones choice. Cheating as a word to me means to not follow rules or standards brought up as a person. As we focus today on students cheating, the first thing that comes to my mind is cheating on an exam. As much as we hate to believe it, students in these days have followed the path of trying to do anything to get that grade. I believe many students today are driven to cheat when there is too much emphasis to ace an exam from both parents and school staff. It’s difficult to dismiss why students cheat, but I think if you eliminate pressure, students are less likely to engage in such conduct. Cheating leads to breaking the rules in many cases. Sometimes cheating can also lead to students finding someone else to help take one another’. No matter how careful teachers or programs are designed to prevent it, students will always find ways to get around obstacles and cheat at one point. Students may think cheating on an exam might seem like an easy way for a student to get a good grade and get ahead in his or her career, but the end result is when students cheat on exams, everyone is affected in many ways. When a student cheats or decides to cheat on an exam, they forget to think about the consequences that occur as a result of the decision made. Have you ever stopped and thought of the different consequences that occur? Consequences can vary depending on the student getting caught cheating. Some professors may issue a grade of a zero as a standard consequence; other professors may report the cheating to school board depending on the kind of test taken. In most cases, the student will be put on academic probation for repeat offenses which can affect the student’s career development. The student may be able to get a job with more responsibilities and more pay, but they may not be able to keep it, or might even harm people. Whether the student’s career is medical assistant, a teacher, or a lawyer, the exams are supposed to show the level of knowledge required for them to perform well and how can one show that when they are cheating on studies or exams. Another consequence of students cheating is that students, who cheat and get caught, cause other current and future students who do not cheat to become penalized for honesty. When students cheat they change the rules of education in favor of themselves. At the same time changing rules for themselves also cause changing rules for those that choose not to cheat, end result at one point or another someone will be affected. When you think of cheating, the question you should ask yourself should be; â€Å"Are you willing to take a huge risk and possibly affect your future? † The end result to cheating is obviously not a good turnout that leads to many different wrong roads. Many people say once a cheater, always a cheater meanings if you cheat once, are you bound to cheat again or will you learn from your mistakes. On the basis of predictability of human conduct, when you think of exams your first perception would be who is going to cheat on the exam. There are many different reasons why people cheat, just as there are differences in individuals who may cheat. For some, cheating is a way of life, one may cheat for some relief and in other cases others may cheat and be caught off guard causing a momentary slipup, which in end result may never happen again. Now what causes a person to act in that behavior, and determine what caused that behavior. What factors lead a person to cheat is what many ask. Eventually one can make a change and not cheat again. I believe schools should organize speakers, programs and workshops in the framework of â€Å"helping a student to cope with stress†. As part of these programs, parents should be made aware of how they often teach their children to cheat by increasing the pressure or demonstrating that success is the ultimate value in life. Students need to learn that you can cheat your way through school, graduate without learning anything, then get a profession and cause another person to get hurt due to not knowing anything in school due to cheating. Next time if you should cheat to make that extra grade, think again because it may result in hurting yourself and your future or the future of others.

Using Lo Que and Lo Cual to Form Noun Phrases in Spanish

Lo que and lo cual are common ways of forming a phrase that acts as a noun. Because lo que and lo cual are neuter, they are used to refer to an entire sentence, a thought, or an abstract concept rather than something specific. It is best to think of lo que and lo cual as single words with a space in the middle rather than trying to parse the individual particles. Lo que and lo cual can be translated as that or which, and it is also common for lo que to be translated as what or, more formally, that which. They function as relative pronouns, meaning they introduce a clause (a noun and an accompanying verb that dont form a complete sentence when standing alone) that provide more information about what lo que or lo cual refer to. An Annotated Example of Using Lo Que Heres an example of lo que being used three times in a paragraph. The paragraph is from ABC.es, a major news site in Spain. Antognini y otros colegas europeos y de EE UU presentan esta semana en science un estudio que seà ±ala que el protà ³n es mà ¡s pequeà ±o de lo que se cree. Los resultados confirman lo que el mismo equipo ya publicà ³ en Nature en 2010: El protà ³n parece ser 0,00000000000003 milà ­metros menor de lo que pensaban los investigadores. Here is one what in this except could be translated to English: Antognini and other European and American colleagues are presenting a study in science this week that indicates that the proton is smaller than what is believed. The results confirm what the same research team already published in Nature in 2010: The proton seems to be 0.00000000000003 millimeters smaller than what researchers thought. Examining these examples can show you how lo que is used; lo cual is used much the same way and is often interchangeable. In the first sentence, lo que introduces the clause se cree. Se cree is a conjugated reflexive form of creer, a verb meaning to believe or to think. The reflexive here is used like the passive voice in that it indicates something is believed without explicitly stating who is doing the believing, so it can be thought of as meaning is believed making lo que se cree meaning what is believed. What is believed is a concept that doesnt have gender. In the second sentence, lo que introduces el mismo equipo ya publicà ³ (the same team already published). So the complete phrase (lo que el mismo equipo ya publicà ³) means what the same team already published, again a concept without gender, which gives the reader more information about the research results. In the third sentence, the full phrase (lo que pensaban los investigadores) acts as a noun phrase functioning as a prepositional object of de. Again, what the researchers thought is a concept without gender. Sample Sentences Using Lo Cual El hotel està ¡ situado en lo alto de una colina, lo cual permite tener una panorà ¡mica de 360 grados de la regià ³n. (The hotel is situated on the top of a hill, which allows it to have a 360-degree panoramic view of the region. Lo cual gives us more information about a concept, that of the hotel being on a hill.) Oyeron unos 40 disparos, por lo cual salieron. (They heard some 40 gunshots, which is why they left.) Las tasas de natalidad y de mortalidad son muy altas, por lo cual el crecimiento natural de la poblacià ³n es muy lento. (The birth and death rates are very high, which is why the populations natural growth rate is very slow.) Las condiciones de temperatura deben ser controladas, lo cual es difà ­cil en una cocina. (The temperature conditions should be controlled, which is difficult to do in a kitchen.) Key Takeaways Lo cual and lo que can function as relative pronouns that refer to an entire sentence or a concept.Lo cual and lo que dont refer to specific things but rather to concepts or entire sentences.That, which, and what are common English translations for lo que and lo cual.

Essay on Morris Luries Pride and Joy - 1365 Words

Write about how one character from Morris Lurie’s Pride and Joy is presented and how this character develops key concerns in the story. Billy in Morris Lurie’s ‘Pride and Joy’ is initially presented as a 16 year old boy who literally lives his life in the footsteps of his abusive, irresponsible, bohemian father, Ned Mathews. By the end of the story Billy’s character has undergone a transformation to become his own person; he has broken away from his father. This short story is told in first person narrative by an anonymous narrator. This narrator is a tourist on an island in the â€Å"Great Barrier Reef† who tells his account of his encounter with millionaire Ned Mathews and his son, Billy. Through his characterization of Billy,†¦show more content†¦By exploring Billy’s inappropriate choice of lifestyle in great detail, Lurie expresses his theme, which is to take care when choosing your lifestyle. Billy’s desire to please his father and to control is reiterated by the motif of alcohol. Billy is too young to be drinking as much alcohol as he does, yet he does and he does it to please his father and to control by demonstrating that he is able to drink as much as his father. This is shown in the quotation, â€Å"His son [Billy] matched him drink for drink.† Lurie’s use of the narrator’s voice is very significant here because the narrator is presented to readers as very moral and sensible, so when the narrator talks about a boy drinking as much as a man we worry. This concern is further addressed by the narrative voice in the line, â€Å"I watched the boy. How long could he last? I thought. How long could he keep it up?† and also when he thinks, â€Å"Don’t tell me Billy is outdrinking him. I thought. His own son. His own pride and joy.† The pace is signi ficantly sped up during these two quotations by the shorter more choppy sentences. This serves two purposes, first it makes the passage stand out from the rest of the paragraph and second it permits the narrator to clearly state his point. The repetition of â€Å"I though† in both quotations creates an effective link of the two quotations. It is therefore reasonable to assume

The Effects Of Alcohol On College Students - 1832 Words

Jason P. Terrell ENG 111 28E Mrs. Boone 22 November 2015 Alcohol Abuse in College Students When students are making the transition from high school to college they begin to meet new people, make new friends, see what it’s like to be on their own and make their own decisions. This is all good and well, but sometimes they tend to make the wrong decisions. Many college students have trouble handling their newfound freedom, new acquaintances, and responsibilities in on- campus living which can lead to risky behavior later on. There are many reasons why college students choose to experiment in risky behavior which usually involves alcohol and other substances and cause them to demonstrate lack of control or good judgement resulting in possible effects such as mental and physical problems, unprotected sex, criminal charges, addictive behaviors, illnesses, injuries, and even possible death. Many college students do not realize how their choices have affected their goals, their life, and others lives before it is too late. When looking at the reasons that many college st udents engage in behavior that leads to substance abuse, one can see that there are several factors that play a part in their risky behavior. As students start to feel more comfortable, they begin to branch out and meet new people, but sometimes they meet and make friends who are bad influences. For some reason almost every incoming freshman college student thinks they need to project a party image and will doShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is one of the most popularly used substances in America (Fuertes Hoffman, 2016). Amongst all who consume alcohol, college students ages 18 to 24, have proven to consume more alcohol than any other age or group (Koyama Belli, 2011). 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The shortRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Awareness Programs On College Students1594 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Alcohol Awareness Programs on College Students Valerie Love Grand Canyon University: PSY-550 October 2, 2015 Abstract In this paper, the effects of alcohol awareness programs on college students will be discussed. The discussion and study will be based on the before and after effects of alcohol awareness programs on college students. The study presents a CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy), or an Alcohol 101 Psych-Education CD-ROM to a randomly assigned group of 113 college studentsRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse on College Students Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages1301-16 12 November 2009 Alcohol and College Students: What are the Effects? College is a time in one’s life to start over, to start off on a clean slate. It is also time for a person to prepare for their future. Most importantly, college is time for people to achieve an education, while furthermore working on who they are and who they want to be. However, when people hear about college experiences, they are mostly focused around wild parties, drugs, and alcohol: the makings of a â€Å"good time†Read MoreEffects of Alcohol Use on Sleep and Academic Performance on College Students611 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol is a huge part of our society and it’s impossible to avoid seeing the advertisements for it because they are almost everywhere. Most people don’t typically think of alcohol as being a drug when in reality, it is and it’s can be highly abused. Jose Cuervo tequila has an ad that shows three young people that look to be about in their mid-twenties and it has a tagline that says â€Å"Live. Laugh. Love. Sleep later.â⠂¬  What seems to be the most misleading thing about this ad is the tagline because it’sRead MoreEffects Of On Campus Housing On College Students Drinking Behavior1565 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of on-campus housing on college students’ drinking behavior: A Literature Review Educational scholars have widely researched the effects of on-campus housing on the behavior of college students and one of the behavioral effects is on drinking behavior. Researchers from both the United States and New Zealand have found that students living in residential halls on campus demonstrate the greatest rates for drinking and peer pressure for drinking (Rickwood, et al., 2011.). Leontini, et al.Read MoreThe Effects Of Drinking On College Students1225 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding the risks that come with them. Alcohol has been a major influence on college students and many of these students are unaware of the damage that is being caused by abusing it. What students in this age group do not understand is that their brain is still developing slowly and this process does not finish until they reach adulthood. Drinking can have harmful effects on the development of the brain, which has a major impact on the student as they age. College is a very stressful time period f orRead Moredrugs and alcohol on college students1105 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs and alcohol, do they have a significant impact on the lives of college students or just the ones that fall short to the influence? There is a major problem with students using and abusing these substances, not only does it have negative effects on the user, but on the user s friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily available to college students over the course of their college years. What can be done to help prevent students from abusing drugs and alcohol? Overall

How to Build Positive Relationship with Close Friends Free Essays

How to build positive relationship with close friends or old buddies According to Ronnie Nijmeh, even the best relationships can be challenging, therefore we must find some methods to maintain a good relationship with close friends. Also, we usually find our best friends during the secondary school period. Even you two are best friend; there are still many challenges that affect the relationship between you two. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Build Positive Relationship with Close Friends or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, when you two face a new situation, saying that going to a new school or different universities, you certainly reduce much opportunities to have a face to face contact with your friends because each of you will be busier and you will make new friends respectively. We need to try our best to maintain a close contact with close friends. Firstly, according to Lesley Petersen, the trainer of personal development, she points out that appreciating the time spent with close friends are the key. That means the most important thing is to have a regular gathering or meeting with your close friends. No matter how busy you are, this is the must you need to do. Only under this situation, you can hear the recent daily life from your friends and more understanding on his/ her updated news. This is the golden chance for you to share your happiness or difficulties. Also, it is the only method making you get closer with your friends as the contact on Face book or SMS cannot serve such function. Releted essay –Â  An Empty Purse Frightens Away Friends Only the face to face contact can impress you and let you feel warm. Secondly, as you two are best friend, faith is one of the important factors contributing to a healthy relationship. Close friends need not to deliberately find some common topics or superficial things to talk with. Try to express your inner feelings to your close friends and need not to be embarrassing, therefore your friends can feel your true heart and the relationship can be long lasting. We need to frank with our close friends even we have some discontent with her/ him or they have mistakes, because close friends are difference from hi bye friends or simple friends, we need not feel embarrass when we are pointing out their bad things. Surely, we cannot make personal attack on them but guide them back to a good way. Thirdly, in an attempt to build up a long lasting positive relationship with close friends, we need to try our best to trust our friends and do not easily affected by others’ rumors. Because he/she is your best friend, so we need to show hundred percent of support and confidence to him/ her. Even though there are some rumors heard from others, we should first understand the whole and directly ask our close friends but not suspect on him/her at once. This can show your trust to your friends. Besides, we need to be a trustworthy person. If our close friends tell us some secret, we should keep this secret in our heart but not tell others under any circumstances. Otherwise, we betray our friends. Finally, we can try our best to show our helping hands to our friends who are in need. As close friends are valuable and are the one staying with us forever, we should help them if we are able to do so. For example, providing some financial assist or some consultation advises to them if they need. If we always care about our own benefits, our friends just think we are a pragmatic person but not really want to make friends with them. Therefore, a positive relationship will not be maintained. How to cite How to Build Positive Relationship with Close Friends, Essay examples

Ectasy Essay Example For Students

Ectasy Essay Drugs are a ridiculous way to handle all kinds of things. A recent Teen Magazine survey noted that: 86% of respondents had tried drugs before, 77% of whom are under 16. 63% have tried marijuana, 16% have taken a trip, and 32% have no worries about drugs. That is pretty heavy. The top 3 reasons for taking drugs were: Enjoyment, Dealing with pressure, and Peer Pressure. Do you want to end up in hospital, severely injured or DEAD?Anna Wood was a happy 15-year-old girl who was popular, on top of the world, nearly perfectuntil one Saturday night, when her friends decided to take her out to a rave party. She told her parents she was going go-kart racing and left to an Ultimo nightclub, where she snuck in with a 19-year-old friend, and bought a full ecstasy tablet for $60. She took the entire pill and started to party. After about 2 hours Anna was rolling under the effects of ecstasy. She was sitting on a boys lap, constantly repeating to her friends Im having the best night of my life. Soon she smiled and said, I think Im going to throw up. She spewed and ran to the restroom. Her friends took her home, saying her drink had been spiked, too scared to tell the truth. One friend went to get Annas mother, who phoned an ambulance. Anna was feeling awful, continuing to throw up. She eventually passed out. The paramedics arrived, and took her to hospital. Three days later she was declared brain dead, after on ecstasy tablet. If just one drug can KILL you, imagine the effects of a whole lot. The purpose of this speech is to help inform naive people about the dangers of a new drug sweeping the country: a compound called MDMA, also known as Ecstasy. Law enforcement officials say the drug worries them more than any other. It may also be spreading more quickly than any other illegal drug in America. Despite a reputation among many users for being safe, it is also dangerous: in Florida alone, one of the few states tracking the phenomenon, there have been at least 40 deaths involving Ecstasy in the last three years. MDMA was outlawed 15 years ago, but since then its use has been skyrocketing. According to one government study, one out of 12 high school seniors has tried Ecstasy.The drug has a reputation for making users feel relaxed and friendly. With Ecstasy, everyones your brother, everyones your sister, everyones your best friend, says 21-year-old Chauncey Barton. For almost half his life, Barton has used drugs, including marijuana, cocaine and speed. None, he says, compare to Ecstasy. Barton describes taking Ecstasy as the best feelings youve ever had in all your life condensed into a six to eight hour span.. . they call it Ecstasy for a reason. Teenagers are not the only ones using it. Ecstasy used to be associated only with raves but now it has become very fashionable, says Mike Stevens, an undercover police detective who works the drug scene in Orlando, Florida. Stevens says about 80 percent of the people in the clubs where he goes undercover are either selling or using Ecstasy. Many people put Ecstasy in a different category from other drugs, believing that it is somehow less serious. Stevens, though, disagrees. Ecstasy is no different from crack or heroin, he says. But thats the label its gotten, that its kiddie dope. Ecstasy can cause dehydration, anxiety and exhaustion. Emergency room doctors say theyre seeing a rise in overdoses, a condition that can result in increased body temperature, brain damage and sometimes death. In the last few years, 1,100 cases have been reported. .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .postImageUrl , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:hover , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:visited , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:active { border:0!important; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:active , .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua81b252fa29e8a4404f0f0f904f92ddc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Civil Rights Movement Essay U.S. Customs has seized four million Ecstasy pills so far this year. Thats a tenfold increase since 1997. No one is sure how many more made it onto the streets. Nearly all of the Ecstasy pills in the United States come from Amsterdam, the Ecstasy capital of the world. The Dutch government there is trying to do something about it. Cees Van Doorn is the chief criminal investigator in the south of Holland, where Ecstasy is produced in enormous quantities in what are essentially factories. Van Doorns unit has shut down 35 Ecstasy labs in the last five years. But for every one busted, he says, ten more crop up. At one former Ecstasy factory, Van Doorn pointed out a machine that can produce 300 Ecstasy pills a minute. Assuming that it operates ten hours a day, seven days a week, it can produce more than 1. 2 million pills a week. The cost per pill, for manufacturers: 20 cents. On the street that pill is worth $20 These profits are attracting many to the Ecstasy trade. To users, though, Ecstasy appears to have fewer drawbacks than other drugs. Unlike cocaine or heroin, which must be snorted or injected, Ecstasy comes in pill form, which to most seems somehow safer. Barton says that when he began using Ecstasy, he thought that serious problems were very rare. He found out the hard way that the drug could be more dangerous. Bartons best friend, Jason Austin, bought about eight pills at a rave in Florida. Barton believes his friend may have taken as many as five of them. The way Ecstasy works is you got all this energy, and all this life built up in you, Barton says. So you have to dance or do something to get it out. Austin tried dancing. He stood up. Fell back down. At that point, Barton began to get scared. He was like a fish out of water, flopping around on the ground, Barton recalls of his friend. From what I understand he had 106-degree fever when he showed up at the hospital, Barton says. Brain damage is supposed to start at 104. He had slipped into a coma and pretty much every major organ in his body was bleeding quite profusely. Jason Austin is dead. According to Duke University pharmacology professor Wilkie Wilson, an overheating human body begins to go through epilepsy-like seizures. It is a terrible way to die, he says. Because it makes them feel so good, Wilson says, users are reluctant to believe that the drug can hurt them. Ecstasy works by affecting one of the brains key chemicals. It causes the brain to release serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps control mood. Lack of serotonin can contribute to depression, and can harm areas of the brain responsible for thought and memory. Recent studies suggest that even one dose of Ecstasy can damage the brain. Wilson worries that Ecstasy users will permanently harm their brains. This drug is spreading so fast among so many people that Im really afraid that were going to have a generation of depressed people, he says. While police try to get Ecstasy off the streets, a California organization known as Dance Safe takes a different approach. It has accepted the drug as a fact of life, and is trying to reduce the risk by warning users of the dangers, like dehydration and overheating. Theyre doing something else almost unheard of in the U. S. testing the drug itself to see how much it has been adulterated by other compounds besides MDMA. If the pill tests positive for Ecstasy that is no indication of purity, says Dance Safe founder Emanuel Sferios. And even if it is pure, thats no indication of safety. .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .postImageUrl , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:hover , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:visited , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:active { border:0!important; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:active , .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77 .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud74a32f9b1c2d426ff9d9940a835fe77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thomas Jefferson Vs Andrew Jackson Essay No drug use is safe. Sferios says that, as much as 30 percent of the pills they test are not real Ecstasy, but are substitutes with PCP, speed or other harmful substances. We neither condemn nor condone the use of drugs, but provide people with information so they can make informed choices, says Sferios. The Just Say No philosophy trying to stop people from using drugs is not working. Critics say that by testing pills and giving out information, the group is encouraging drug use. But Sferios says that his group has saved lives, and that those who use drugs would use them whether or not Dance Safe existed. Ecstasy will probably not disappear soon. Even those who have foresworn it admit that it can make users feel wonderful. Of all the drugs Ive taken in my life, I have to say that Ecstasy is probably the sweetest drug Ive ever taken, Barton says. Nevertheless, he says he will never take it again. Ill never touch that stuff again. Ever, ever. No, never. Bibliography: